Публикации

Статья основана на результатах исследования рынков мобильных приложений. Распределение рыночной власти на этих рынках зависит от способности владельца цифровой экосистемы контролировать обращение мобильных приложений внутри своей экосистемы. Степень этого контроля определяется взаимозаменяемостью различных магазинов мобильных приложений как необходимых инструментов для предоставления доступа к мобильным приложениям. Авторы предоставляют основанные на результатах опроса эмпирические оценки такой взаимозаменяемости для магазина мобильных приложений от Apple - App Store. Результаты проводимых далее различных тестов на определение границ рынка подтверждают укорененность конечных пользователей в экосистеме Apple в отсутствие разумных возможностей изменить операционную систему и соответственно магазин приложений. Этот результат объясняет степени рыночной власти Apple и дает основание для антимонопольного вмешательства.

The article proposes methodological approaches to the verification of indicators of the state of thecountry’s economic security using the method of fractal analysis. Fractal analysis technologies make it pos-sible to determine the nature and dynamics of changes in the indicator, to verify its values (indicative or crit-ical), and also to reveal the rate at which these states are reached on the time horizon of statistical observa-tions. The unemployment rate indicator is selected as an example.

A carbon price is considered the most cost-efficient GHG emissions reduction tool often used as part of a mature climate policy. However, Russia as well as the other countries rich in fossil fuels tend to have weak incentives for proactive low-carbon policies including carbon pricing which may lead to falling revenues in emitting industries. Can the price on carbon be implemented as part of the development strategy in fossil fuel exporting countries, including post-Communist Russia? The paper focuses on the variety of existing approaches to applying the carbon price across various energy exporting economies. Based on theoretical and empirical evidence, the paper contributes to the existing literature with the analysis of challenges and opportunities of carbon pricing in these countries and outlines key principles of a viable carbon pricing system in Russia. These principles are (a) balanced emissions coverage and support of the vulnerable industries and social groups, (b) fiscal neutrality, (c) gradualness of implementation and (d) the use of carbon offsets.

From 1991 to 2019, the economy of Uzbekistan passed through the four stages. Each stage was characterized by certain demographic, economic, political, and other factors. These factors influence the formation of foreign labor migration at the macrolevel. The mentioned stages reflect (i) the transition from a planned to a market economy against the background of an increase in migration outflow for permanent residence in 1990–2000, (ii) acceleration of economic growth in 2000–2009 and the formation of “migrant networks” abroad, (iii) a period of slowdown in GDP growth in the absence of structural reforms to stimulate employment and investment in 2010–2015, which contributed to the active growth of labor migration, and (iv) a stage of new socioeconomic reforms and increased attention of the leadership of Uzbekistan to migration processes. This study takes into account these macroeconomic conditions, but focus is shifted to the reasons for the change in migration processes in terms of poorly understood sociocultural factors that affect foreign labor migration and reintegration of labor migrants in Uzbekistan. The article is based on reports from specialized studies of foreign labor migration and employment conducted by the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of Uzbekistan, publications of studies by international organizations, and data from in-depth interviews with migrants and their families. The research revealed that under the influence of macroeconomic conditions, the change in the sociocultural context in 2006–2019 contributed to expansion of the geography of migration flows from Uzbekistan, the emergence of such phenomena as the “feminization” of migration and its “rejuvenation” against the background of certain elements of egalitarianism in an initially patriarchal society. Studying the sociocultural context made it possible to assess the degree of “success” of migration, in terms of remigration and the ability of migrants to reintegrate into society upon returning home. It has been determined that the microcommunity in Uzbekistan, as a donor country of labor resources, has both stimulating and constraining effects on the transformation of migration processes.